Utilization of genetic variability in different levels of wheat gene pool as a rich reservoir of useful traits has been recently come in to consideration. Synthetic wheats are used as a bridge for transferring of desirable genes from wild relatives. One hundred synthetic wheat genotypes from CIMMYT present in the Cereal Research Department. collection were evaluated along with three checks (Pishgam, Pishtaz and Moghan-3) for different traits in an observation experiment during 2009-2010 cropping season at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. Each genotype was planted in two lines of 1m long. The checks were repeated between the rows, every 20 genotypes. Descriptive analysis of data showed presence of a vast genetic variability among the genotypes for the recorded traits. Stepwise regression analysis showed that grain no. per spike and biological yield had positive and significant effects on yield and remained in the final model with adj. R2~70%. Cluster analysis using ward method grouped the synthetics in seven groups. Based on field evaluations and data analysis 15 synthetic wheats were selected for further evaluation. The results indicated that synthetic wheats are valuable genetic materials as a source of new variability to be added into wheat gene pool.

In other to evaluate genetic diversity, heritability and relationships between morphological and physiological traits with economic yield, an experiment was conducted on 17 chickpea genotypes for two years (2004 2005) in the research stations of Kermanshah, Lorestan and Ilam in the framework of completely randomized block design with 4 replications. Various statistical methods including: statistical parameters, genetic parameters, correlation between characters, multiple regression, path analysis and principal component analysis were calculated. Among the Agronomic characters, grain yield and days number to % 50 maturities with CV of %41.35 and %4.22 indicated maximum and minimum coefficient of variation, respectively. Broadsense heritability ranged from %10.81 for primary branch numbers to %83.57 for plant height. Broadsense heritability for plant height, 100 seed weight, days number to %50 flowering and number of seed per plant were higher than those of the other characters. Stepwise regression for selection of traits related to economic yield indicated that seed number per plant and 100 seed weight explained 96.50 percent of total variation. The results of path analysis revealed that number of seed per plant and 100 seed weight with path coefficients of 0.947 and 0.262 had the highest direct effect on seed yield, respectively. Principal component analysis detected 2 components, which justified 69 percent of the total phenotypic variation of grain yield.

In order to investigate the effect of water stress at heading stage on grain yield and yield components of eight wheat cultivars, in 2008, and experiment was conducted in the two regions, Isfahan and Ardestan by using split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications which that two irrigation treatments included custom irrigation and terminal water stress were main factors and 8 wheat varieties were as sub factors. In Isfahan region at adequate moisture conditions, SW-82-9 line and Pishtaz cultivars produced 10500, and 10630 kg ha-1 yields, respectively and they produced significantly higher yield than other cultivars, but effect of water stress on yield reduction were 8 and 14.9 percent, respectively. In water stress condition of Ardestan region, yield reduction of SW-82-9 line and Pishtaz cultivars were 16.3 and 15.8 percent, respectively. In water stress condition of Isfahan and Ardestan regions in SW-82-9 line, number of grains per spike were 33.8 and 28.3 and harvest index were 0.49 and 0.44, respectively. Stress tolerance index range was 0.71 to 1.34 in Isfahan region and 0.56 to 1.22 in Ardestan area. According to the results of all three indicators, stress tolerance index, mean productivity and geometric mean of yield, SW-82-9 line could be produced grain yield similar to Pishtaz cultivars, and therefore had the potential to culture in both Isfahan and Ardestan regions.

In order to evaluate of growth stages, physiologic traits and seed qualitative characteristics of advanced winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties in Arak a field experiment was performed in 2010-2011 cropping seasons in randomized complete block design with three replications at experimental field of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Markazi Province, in Arak (34o 5’ N; 49o 42’ E, and 1775 m above sea level), Iran. Seven advanced rapeseed varieties such as NK Aviator, RNX 6321, ES Betty, Modena, NK Karibic, Champlain and Licord and Okapi as check comprised the experimental factors. Each plot was including of four rows with 6 meter length and 30 centimeter distance. Important Agronomic traits such as days number to initiation and end of flowering, length of flowering, days number to ripening, length of ripening, plant height, second branch number per plant, seed number per pod, pod number per plant, 1000 - seed weight, seed yield, seed oil and protein content, biological yield, harvest index and oil yield per unit area were estimated during growth season. The results of varianc analysis showed that rapeseed cultivars had significant differences for all measured traits. In this research, ES Betty cultivar had the highest grain yield (5699 kg/ha), pod number per plant, 1000 - seed weight, harvest index, seed oil content and oil yield per unit area. In this research, Okapi variety had the least seed yield (3144 kg/ha), pod number per plant and 1000 - seed weight. Also, there were positive and significant correlations between seed yield and some traits such as pod number per plant, 1000 - seed weight, biological yield and harvest index.

To evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation on Agronomic characteristics of new sunflower hybrids and to determine drought tolerant cultivars, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications during 2013– 14 at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamabad-e-Gharb, Kermanshah, Iran. In this experiment, four new hybrids of sunflower (Farokh, Shams, Ghasem and Barzegar) were evaluated in three irrigation regimes (full irrigation, mild stress and severe stress by supplying 100, 75 and 50% of the crop water requirement). Results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of irrigation regime and genotype on all traits including days to flowering and physiological maturity, seed filling duration, head diameter, number of seeds per head, plant height, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index was significant (p≤ 0. 01). The interaction of irrigation regime and genotype on all traits (except for the number of seeds per head) was significant. The results of the mean comparison showed that the seed yield of medium maturing hybrids (Shams and Barzegar) in all three irrigation regimes was higher than the early maturing hybrids (Farrokh and Ghasem). The highest seed yield (5007 kgha-1) was obtained in Barzegar hybrid with full irrigation, while Ghasem hybrid produced the lowest seed yield (1859 kgha-1) under severe stress conditions.

In order to study the effect of water deficit effects on Agronomic characteristics of sunflower hybrids, three separate experiments were conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at the research field of seed and Plant Improvement Institute - Karaj. The first experiment conducted at optimum conditions and plants were irrigated after 60 mm evaporation from evaporation pan at germination stage till end of growing period, whereas the second and third experiments were irrigated after 120, 180 mm evaporation from evaporation pan, class A, respectively, and were considered as water deficit conditions. The results showed significant effects of water deficit on 75 percent flowering stage, 1000 seed weight, seed number per plant, seed yield, productivity effort, harvest index and seed oil content. Sever water deficit caused the decrease of seed yield to 500 Kg ha-1 (83 percent reduction) which was due to decrease of 1000 seed weight (50 percent) and seed number per plant (54 percent). Also, Allstar produced the highest yield in medium and severe water deficit and the Mehr was superior to other hybrids in normal condition.

Background and Objectives: Determination of morphological characteristics of different promising lines of rice and the effects they have on yield can be considered a good tool for identification of preferable lines with ideal Agronomical traits. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the most important characteristics of cultivars affecting yield in 2017, a field experiment was conducted in a research farm of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, in a randomized complete block design with three replications, in 5 square meters plots with 25×25 space between them. Morphological characteristics include plant height, panicle length and number measured before harvest in the farm, as well as other characteristics after harvest in laboratory. At the end of growth season, panicles were harvested and collected in separate bags and were selected randomly for measurement of their morphological characteristics. Mean comparisons were calculated with Duncan method in 5% level of possibility. Also, variance analysis was calculated for all the traits. Cluster analysis was calculated with ward method. The genotypes were 30 promising lines of rice. In this study, 10 traits including plant height, panicle length, panicle number, total number of grains, number of filled grains, grain length, grain diameter, grain length to width ratio, 1000 grain weight and yield were evaluated. Results Correlation analysis results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between yield and number of panicles, number of filled grains and 1000 grain weight, but the length of the grain had a negative significant correlation with yield. The results of path analysis showed that the number of filled grains had the highest direct effect (0. 67), and, after that, the number of panicles (0. 59) and grain width (0. 47) had the highest effect on yield. Therefore, based on the results obtained from this study, number of panicles and number of filled grains as selection index on rice yield improvement were identified. The results of cluster analysis of the studied lines were also classified into four groups. The genotypes in the second and the third, in addition to the higher yields, had the lower height, number of tillers and more grain number. The average deviation of clusters from total mean was calculated for these lines and the existence of this deviation can demonstrate diversity. The genotypes in the second group add up to 57% of all the genotypes, which is above the total mean in traits including panicle number, grain length, grain diameter, 1000 grain weight and yield. Discussion: According to the results: of this study, the highest lines in terms of yield and other Agronomical characteristics were 8, 13, 14, 15 and 28. Also, traits including number of panicles and filled grain number can be considered selecting factors for improvement of rice yield.